相平衡、相图和相变:其热力学基础 (瑞典)希勒特(M. Hillert)　著 北京大学出版社【正版书】 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子版 mobi 在线

《相平衡、相图和相变——其热力学基础（第二版）（英文）》主要内容为现代计算机应用观点下的热力学基本原理。 化学平衡和化学变化的理论基础也是本书的内容之一，其重点在于相图的性质。本书从基本原理出发，讨论延及多相的系统。第二版新增加的内容包括不可逆热力学、极值原理和表面、界面热力学等等。 平衡条件的理论刻画、系统的平衡状态和达到平衡时的变化都以图解的形式给出。

《相平衡、相图和相变——其热力学基础（第二版）（英文）》适合材料科学与工程领域的研究人员、研究生和高年级本科生阅读。

Preface to second edition page i

Preface to first edition ii

1 Basic concepts of thermodynamics

　1.1 External state variables

　1.2 Internal state variables

　1.3 The first law of thermodynamics

　1.4 Freezing-in conditions

　1.5 Reversible and irreversible processes

　1.6 Second law of thermodynamics

　1.7 Condition of internal equilibrium

　1.8 Driving force

　1.9 Combined first and second law

　1.10 General conditions of equilibrium

　1.11 Characteristic state functions

　1.12 Entropy

2 Manipulation of thermodynamic quantities

　2.1 Evaluation of one characteristic state function from another

　2.2 Internal variables at equilibrium

　2.3 Equations of state

　2.4 Experimental conditions

　2.5 Notation for partial derivatives

　2.6 Use of various derivatives

　2.7 Comparison between CV and CP

　2.8 Change of independent variables

　2.9 Maxwell relations

3 Systems with variable positio

　3.1 Chemical potential

　3.2 Molar and integral quantities

　3.3 More about characteristic state functions

　3.4 Additivity of extensive quantities. Free energy and exergy

　3.5 Various forms of the bined law

　3.6 Calculation of equilibrium

　3.7 Evaluation of the driving force

　3.8 Driving force for molecular reactions

　3.9 Evaluation of integrated driving force as function of

　T or P

　3.10 Effective driving force

4 Practical handling of multiponent systems

　4.1 Partial quantities

　4.2 Relations for partial quantities

　4.3 Alternative variables for positio

　4.4 The lever rule

　4.5 The tie-line rule

　4.6 Different sets of ponents

　4.7 Constitution and constituents

　4.8 Chemical potentials in a phase with sublattices

5 Thermodynamics of processes

　5.1 Thermodynamic treatment of kiics of

　internal processes

　5.2 Transformation of the set of processes

　5.3 Alternative methods of transformatio

　5.4 Basic thermodynamic considerations for processes

　5.5 Homogeneous chemical reactions

　5.6 Transport processes in discontinuous systems

　5.7 Transport processes in continuous systems

　5.8 Substitutional diffusio

　5.9 Onsager’s extremum principle

6 Stability

　6.1 Introductio

　6.2 Some necessary conditions of stability

　6.3 Sufficient conditions of stability

　6.4 Summary of stability conditions

　6.5 Limit of stability

　6.6 Limit of stability against fluctuations in positio

　6.7 Chemical capacitance

　6.8 Limit of stability against fluctuations of

　internal variables

　6.9 Le Chatelier’s principle

7 Applications of molar Gibbs energy diagrams

　7.1 Molar Gibbs energy diagrams for binary systems

　7.2 Instability of binary solutions

　7.3 Illustration of the Gibbs–Duhem relatio

　7.4 Two-phase equilibria in binary systems

　7.5 Allotropic phase boundaries

　7.6 Effect of a pressure difference on a two-phase

　equilibrium

　7.7 Driving force for the formation of a new phase

　7.8 Partitionless transformation under local equilibrium

　7.9 Activation energy for a fluctuatio

　7.10 Ternary systems

　7.11 Solubility product

8 Phase equilibria and potential phase diagrams

　8.1 Gibbs’ phase rule

　8.2 Fundamental property diagram

　8.3 Topology of potential phase diagrams

　8.4 Potential phase diagrams in binary and multinary systems

　8.5 Sections of potential phase diagrams

　8.6 Binary systems

　8.7 Ternary systems

　8.8 Direction of phase fields in potential phase diagrams

　8.9 Extremum in temperature and pressure

9 Molar phase diagrams

　9.1 Molar axes

　9.2 Sets of conjugate pairs containing molar variables

　9.3 Phase boundaries

　9.4 Sections of molar phase diagrams

　9.5 Schreinemakers’ rule

　9.6 Topology of sectioned molar diagrams

10 Projected and mixed phase diagrams

　10.1 Schreinemakers’ projection of potential phase diagrams

　10.2 The phase field rule and projected diagrams

　10.3 Relation between molar diagrams and Schreinemakers’

　projected diagrams

　10.4 Coincidence of projected surfaces

　10.5 Projection of higher-order invariant equilibria

　10.6 The phase field rule and mixed diagrams

　10.7 Selection of axes in mixed diagrams

　10.8 Konovalov’s rule

　10.9 General rule for singular equilibria

11 Direction of phase boundaries

　11.1 Use of distribution coefficient

　11.2 Calculation of allotropic phase boundaries

　11.3 Variation of a chemical potential in a two-phase field

　11.4 Direction of phase boundaries

　11.5 Congruent melting points

　11.6 Vertical phase boundaries

　11.7 Slope of phase boundaries in isothermal sections

　11.8 The effect of a pressure difference between two phases

12 Sharp and gradual phase transformations

　12.1 Experimental conditions

　12.2 Characterization of phase transformations

　12.3 Microstructural character

　12.4 Phase transformations in alloys

　12.5 Classification of sharp phase transformations

　12.6 Applications of Schreinemakers’ projectio

　12.7 Scheil’s reaction diagram

　12.8 Gradual phase transformations at fixed positio

　12.9 Phase transformations controlled by a chemical potential

13 Transformations in closed systems

　13.1 The phase field rule at constant positio

　13.2 Reaction coefficients in sharp transformations

　for p = c 　

　13.3 Graphical evaluation of reaction coefficients

　13.4 Reaction coefficients in gradual transformations

　for p = c

　13.5 Driving force for sharp phase transformations

　13.6 Driving force under constant chemical potential

　13.7 Reaction coefficients at constant chemical potential

　13.8 Compositional degeneracies for p = c

　13.9 Effect of two positional degeneracies for p = c .　

14 Partitionless transformations

　14.1 Deviation from local equilibrium

　14.2 Adiabatic phase transformatio

　14.3 Quasi-adiabatic phase transformatio

　14.4 Partitionless transformations in binary system

　14.5 Partial chemical equilibrium

　14.6 Transformations in steel under quasi-paraequilibrium

　14.7 Transformations in steel under partitioning of alloying elements

15 Limit of stability and critical phenomena

　15.1 Transformations and transitions

　15.2 Order–disorder transitions

　15.3 Miscibility gaps

　15.4 Spinodal depositio

　15.5 Tri-critical points

16 Interfaces

　16.1 Surface energy and surface stress

　16.2 Phase equilibrium at curved interfaces

　16.3 Phase equilibrium at fluid/fluid interfaces

　16.4 Size stability for spherical inclusions

　16.5 Nucleatio

　16.6 Phase equilibrium at crystal/fluid interface

　16.7 Equilibrium at curved interfaces with regard to positio

　16.8 Equilibrium for crystalline inclusions with regard to positio

　16.9 Surface segregatio

　16.10 Coherency within a phase

　16.11 Coherency between two phases

　16.12 Solute drag

17 Kiics of transport processes

　17.1 Thermal activatio

　17.2 Diffusion coefficients

　17.3 Stationary states for transport processes

　17.4 Local volume change

　17.5 Composition of material crossing an interface

　17.6 Mechanisms of interface migratio

　17.7 Balance of forces and dissipatio

18 Methods of modelling

　18.1 General principles

　18.2 Choice of characteristic state functio

　18.3 Reference states

　18.4 Representation of Gibbs energy of formatio

　18.5 Use of power series in T

　18.6 Representation of pressure dependence

　18.7 Application of physical models

　18.8 Ideal gas

　18.9 Real gases

　18.10 Mixtures of gas species

　18.11 Black-body radiatio

　18.12 Electron gas

19 Modelling of disorder

　19.1 Introductio

　19.2 Thermal vacancies in a crystal

　19.3 Topological disorder

　19.4 Heat capacity due to thermal vibrations

　19.5 Magic contribution to thermodynamic properties

　19.6 A simple physical model for the magic contributio

　19.7 Random mixture of atoms

　19.8 Restricted random mixture

　19.9 Crystals with stoichiometric vacancies

　19.10 Interstitial solutions

20 Mathematical modelling of solution phases

　20.1 Ideal solutio

　20.2 Ming quantities

　20.3 Excess quantities

　20.4 Empirical approach to substitutional solutions

　20.5 Real solutions

　20.6 Applications of the Gibbs–Duhem relatio

　20.7 Dilute solution appromations

　20.8 Predictions for solutions in higher-order systems

　20.9 Numerical methods of predictions for higher-order systems

21 Solution phases with sublattices

　21.1 Sublattice solution phases

　21.2 Interstitial solutions

　21.3 Reciprocal solution phases

　21.4 Combination of interstitial and substitutional solutio

　21.5 Phases with variable order

　21.6 Ionic solid solutions

22 Physical solution models

　22.1 Concept of nearest-neiour bond energies

　22.2 Random ming model for a substitutional solutio

　22.3 Deviation from random distributio

　22.4 Short-range order

　22.5 Long-range order

　22.6 Long- and short-range order

　22.7 The pound energy formalism with short-range order

　22.8 Interstitial ordering

　22.9 Composition dependence of physical effects

References

Index

(瑞典)希勒特（M. Hillert），瑞典皇家工学院教授。

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《相平衡、相图和相变——其热力学基础（第二版）》是影印版英文专著，原书由大学出版社于2008年出版。相平衡、相变等热力学原理是理解、设计材料属性的基础。计算工具的出现使材料学家能够处理越来越复杂的情况，但对于热力学基础理论的理解也越来越重要。本书图文并茂，深入浅出地讲解了热力学原理以及在计算机计算中的应用，对于材料科学、材料工程方面的研究者会有很大帮助。